MBK Challenge

Deskripsi: mitos Gunung Tambora berawal dari letusannya yang dahsyat yang masyarakat anggap sebagai bentuk murka Tuhan kepada raja Tambora.

Apakah ada gunung yang meletus lebih hebat dari gunung Krakatau? Jawabannya adalah gunung Tambora. Gunung Tambora dikenal sebagai gunung yang aktif dan sering meletus hingga ledakan paling dahsyat di tahun 1815. Gunung ini terletak di Pulau Sumbawa, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Karena letusannya yang dahsyat, gunung ini memiliki kawah yang sangat lebar.

Ada cerita mistis dan juga misteri yang masih menjadi kepercayaan masyarakat setempat mengenai gunung Tambora dan letusan dahsyatnya. Ini dia kisahnya.

Mitos Gunung Tambora dan Ledakannya

Awal mula cerita penyebab ketuanya gunung Tambora adalah kisah yang di ambil dari catatan kerajaan Makassar. Dalam cerita ini, masyarakat menganggap letusan gunung Tambora merupakan tanda murka Tuhan terhadap raja Tambora. Konon ada seorang ulama yang tengah menyebarkan Islam di wilayah Tambora, namun sang raja merasa tidak senang dengan hal tersebut.

Ia kemudian membiarkan anjing memasuki masjid warga Tambora, yang membuat ulama kemudian menegur perbuatan raja tersebut. Berpura-pura menyesal, raja mengundang ulama tersebut dan menjamunya di istana. Akan tetapi ternyata raja menjebak ulama dan memberikan makanan berupa daging anjing. Mereka kemudian menggiring ulama tersebut ke gunung Tambora dan membunuhnya.

Dampak Kemarahan Gunung Tambora

Terlepas dari benar atau tidaknya cerita tersebut, masyarakat banyak yang mempercayai mitos ini. Bahkan keturunan raja Bima pun mengakui cerita tersebut. Bentuk kemarahan gunung Tambora telah menewaskan kurang lebih 117 ribu jiwa, menyebabkan gagal panen selama belasan tahun, dan juga membawa wabah penyakit. Letusan dahsyat gunung Tambora terdengar ke seluruh penjuru Indonesia dan mempengaruhi iklim seluruh dunia hingga ke Eropa.

Untungnya gunung ini kini tidak pernah meletus kembali. Letusan dahsyat pada April 1815 membuat kawah dengan lebar diameter hingga 7km, dan juga kedalaman 1,4 km. Gunung ini kehilangan tinggi sekitar 1,5 km karena letusan tersebut.

Hikmah dari Mitos Letusan Gunung Tambora

Dibalik ledakannya yang maha dahysat dan disebut sebagai kiamat 1815, letusannya mengajarkan agar manusia menghormati sesamanya dan juga mendekatkan diri kepads Tuhan. Hukuman kepada raja Tambora dianggap menjadi simbol akhir dari seroang yang berbuat zalim.

Itulah mitos gunung Tambora dan juga kisah dibaliknya. Semoga bermanfaat.

 

 

 

 

 

Ranu Kombolo merupakan nama dari sebuah danau yang berada di Gunung Semeru, Jawa Timur. Gunung ini kerap disebut sebagai puncak tertinggi pulau Jawa karena ketinggiannya melebihi beberapa gunung lain yang ada di Pulau Jawa. Oleh sebab itu, sangatlah menarik jika di atas gunung terdapat danau cantik yang kerap menjadi sorotan para pendaki gunung. Hal ini dikarenakan wisatawan yang mengunjungi danau ini hanyalah para pendaki atau orang yang sedang mendaki gunung, berbeda dengan beberapa danau lainnya yang bisa dikunjungi wisatawan pada umumnya tanpa harus mendaki gunung terlebih dahulu.

Keindahan dan pesona yang dimiliki danau Ranu Kumbolo sangatlah menarik, suasana damai dan tenang bisa diperoleh ketika seseorang mendatangi tempat ini. Meski dibutuhkan perjuangan yang berat untuk menuju tempat ini, namun berbagai rasa lelah dan capek bisa terobati dengan adanya pemandangan yang sangat memanjakan mata. Dibalik keindahan dan pesona akam yang memukau, Danau Ranu Kumbolo juga menyimpan beberapa mitos yang konon katanya masih dipegang erat oleh para pendaki dan masyarakat daerah setempat yakni Lumajang dan sekitarnya. Adapun mitos yang berkembang ialah anggapan mengenai air yang terdapat di dalamnya ialah air suci sehingga masyarakat ataupun wisatawan dilarang mencuci, mandi ataupun buang air di danau ini. Selain itu, terdapat pula larangan untuk pendirian tenda dengan jarak kurang dari 10 m sehingga kebanyakan wisatawan atau pendaki yang melakukan camp di gunung Semeru, khususnya sekitar Ranu Kumbolo akan mendirikan tenda dengan minimal jarak 10 m dari tepi danau.

Adapun beberapa hal yang harus Anda persiapkan ketika ingin mengunjungi Ranu Kumbolo ialah beberapa peralatan layaknya mendaki gunung pada umumnya seperti tenda, matras, sleeping bag, kompor dan masih banyak lagi. Mengenai tarif tiketnya cukup murah yakni Rp.17.500 pada hari biasa dan Rp. 22.500 ketika hari libur ataupun weekend. Dengan biaya yang cukup terjangkau Anda bisa menikmati keindahan danau Ranu Kumbolo sekaligus mendaki puncak Mahameru sebagai gunung tertinggi di Pulau Jawa.

Mual merupakan kondisi tidak nyaman dan seakan ingin muntah, rasa tidak enak mulai area dada, tenggorokan, hingga perut bagian atas. Menurut kesehatan medis, kondisi mual sepenuhnya distimulus oleh pikiran yang kemudian diterima oleh organ-organ dalam. Oleh karena nya, Cara mengatasi perut mual dapat diterapkan untuk mencoba mengatasinya.

Tanpa panjang lebar, langsung saja berikut ini caranya:

1. Minum air

jika mulai terasa mual, maka segeralah minum air, baik itu air putih, rebusan jahe, teh, atau minuman apapun yang anda sukai. Dengan demikian, rasa mual akan berangsur-angsur hilang. Di lain sisi, menambah cairan bisa menghindarkan anda dari dehidrasi atau kondisi kekurangan cairan.

2. Makan makanan lembut dan ringan

trik selanjutnya yang bisa digunakan untuk memanipulasi rasa mual ialah dengan mengonsumsi makanan yang ringan dan lembut, contohnya seperti pisang, biskuit, roti tawar, dan bubur. Terkadang mual bisa disebabkan oleh masuk angin yaitu kondisi perut sedang kosong. Dengan mengonsumsi makanan diatas sedikit demi sedikit, akan memulihkan kembali gejolak pencernaan penyebab mual.

3. Meneguk minuman jahe

jahe memiliki manfaat yang sangat besar, bagi pencernaan maupun sistem kekebalan tubuh secara keseluruhan. Aroma serta efek hangat yang ditimbulkan oleh jahe dapat membuat pikiran rileks dan tenang. Ketika otak tenang, rasa mual pun berangsur akan menghilang.

Cara membuat nya pun cukup mudah. Anda tinggal merebus jahe di dalam air mendidih selama sepuluh medit kemudian masukkan ke dalam gelas atau botol. Lebih baik jika dikonsumsi selagi hangat.cocok pula untuk dibawa bepergian.

4. berbaring

bagi seseorang yang sedang mengalami kondisi kurang enak badan, berbaring merupakan posisi paling nyaman untuk mempercepat proses penyembuhan. Lebih baik meninggikan bantal sedikit sehingga posisi kepala berada lebih tinggi.

Beraktifitas dengan perut mual sangat beresiko membuat perasaan tersebut semakin parah. Oleh karena nya, istirahatkan badan terlebih dahulu barang beberapa menit hingga terasa lebih baik.

Demikian penjelasan singkat mengenai Cara mengatasi perut mual, semoga bermanfaat.

Quaker parrots (or even abbot parakeets) are actually known for their enchanting, amusing characters and their willingness to discover human speech. It is an excellent choice for bird enthusiasts that wish all the fun of a huge parrot in a smaller sized deal. They are actually a prominent pet, good for committed novices, as well as adapt properly to living in a “individual group” setting. Having said that, in some portion of the U.S., they are unlawful to inhibit as household pets. Get in touch with your regional laws prior to obtaining one.

Kind Overview
POPULAR NAMES: Quaker parrot, Quaker parakeet, abbot parrot, monk parakeet, eco-friendly parakeet, gray-breasted parakeet, Montevideo parakeet

SCIENTIFIC NAME: Myiopsitta monachus

ADULT SIZE: 12 ins coming from beak to rear, considering between 4 and 5 ounces

LIFE SPAN: 20 to 30 years in captivity, some also much longer

Source and also History

Belonging to a small portion of South America, the Quaker parrot’s assortment extends coming from central Bolivia and also southern Brazil in to parts of central Argentina. They generally stay in the forests and are actually understood for creating strong neighborhood connections.

These birds spend a great deal of opportunity generating complex houses from divisions as well as branches. Flocks of Quakers are going to typically build homes appropriate next to each various other to produce Quaker neighborhoods.

A sturdy bird, feral colonies of Quakers likewise stay in a lot of metropolitan locations throughout the globe. In some locations, particularly the southern U.S., wild Quaker populaces position a danger to plants as well as indigenous bird types.

Character

Quakers are social and also quite self-assured birds by nature. They have the individuality of large birds in a little bit of bird’s body.

Once you establish a relationship along with a Quaker parrot, you’ll take pleasure in years of company. Most handfed Quakers are quite gentle and also may a lot of create great family pets for children.

Speech and Vocalizations

The majority of Quakers establish a substantial lexicon as well as may also create a number of phrases. Mimicking sounds and singing are some others abilities of this particular little bit of beauty. Quakers are little chatterboxes, particularly when you get much more than one bird in a space.

Some managers state that it is actually a quiet bird, while others believe they’re also loud. They carry out certainly not make raucous screams like other parrots, but they will definitely get in touch with out on occasion.

Quaker Parrot Colors and also Markings

The regular colors of an adult Quaker are actually a vibrant green on the scalp, wings, as well as back. The bird’s very most specialty is the grey bosom, cheeks, and also neck. This coloration resembles Colonial-era Quaker garments as well as is actually just how this bird received its own title.

They possess beautiful blue flight plumes and also a lighter green cast on the underside of their tails. Their beaks are actually horn-colored and also their feets are grey. On the whole, they appear like a stalky cockatiel.

Captive breeding systems have also generated a wide array of attractive colour anomalies in Quakers. Among the most prominent mutations is actually a blue combination Quaker parrot cultivated in the very early 2000s. Dog breeders have actually also produced albino, sugar-cinnamon, lutino, as well as pied Quakers.

This bird is a monomorphic species, which indicates the women as well as guys appear precisely identical. The only technique to recognize without a doubt the sexual of your bird is actually by means of DNA sexing or a medical sexing method.

Caring for a Quaker Parrot

Quakes are incredibly active birds and also need to have to possess an adequate amount of room to play. Their cage needs to be a minimum of 18 ins upright, though they’ll do also a lot better in a bigger room. Ensure it is actually toughly created. These birds not merely like to chew, however they are additionally well known for knowing just how to open the crate as well as getting away from.

Place a bowl along with fresh water inside the cage for a birdbath; this can offer hours of enjoyment, workout, as well as mental stimulation.

Quakers may get vigorous if they believe their house is threatened. If you are actually offering another Quaker to the one you already possess, allow the two to acquire familiarized in distinct crates and also form a connect.

If you possess a canine or even cat, you will definitely likewise would like to keep an eye on your Quaker. They could be relatively brave and also try to handle even the most significant pet dogs.

Common Health Problems

The very most popular health issues with Quaker parrots are feather plucking as well as fatty liver illness. Quakes are actually pretty easy to fix up reviewed to various other parrots.

Fatty liver disease is usually caused by consuming high-fat foods, namely eating a seed-based diet plan. A well-balanced, varied diet with seeds just provided as periodic addresses can help keep your bird healthy and balanced.

Diet plan and Nutrition

Quakers are recognized to become superb eaters as well as their diet plan should feature the fruits, vegetables, and also nuts they normally consume in bush.

As an imprisoned bird, their principal diet plan product ought to be a high-grade, commercial developed pellet mix. Provide a selection of clean fruits and vegetables, leafy greens, almonds, and also healthy and balanced dining table food items. Origin vegetables, peppers, and vivid fruit and vegetables are important in their diet plans.

Feed these birds concerning 3 tablespoons of pellets each day and deal a minimum of a 1/4 cup of new vegetables and fruits in the morning. Discard the fresh meals that are actually fasted by the side of the day. You can easily offer a second feeding of vegetables and fruits a couple of hrs just before bedroom.

Some Quakers tend to become over weight if permitted to indulge in a lot of fattening almonds as well as seed deals with like sunflower seeds, peanuts, and millet.

Like all household pet birds, clean water must regularly be offered. Never ever provide foods that are harmful to birds like coffee, avocado, as well as dark chocolate.

Exercise

Give your Quaker along with plenty of toys as well as a play gym as a spot to burn their electricity as well as action. Quaker parrots need to have a minimum of pair of hours of outside-of-the-cage attend a bird-safe room. Close doors and windows, turn off roof ventilators, shut out fireplaces, and also get rid of possibly poisonous plants and also other dogs from the room.

Rounds, bells, as well as smaller sized eat toys will certainly interact as well as interest your bird. These fantastic birds will certainly typically have fun along with problem playthings.

Make it possible for Quaker parrots to exercise their nest-building inclination. Your bird might make an effort to interweave things into benches of its cage or may pick to start nesting in a corner of your home using arbitrary things it locates. Be sure you manage these curious birds during the time they’re out of the cage.

Where to Adopt or even Buy a Quaker Parrot

Get in touch with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as well as your local legislations to be sure that it is actually legal to always keep a Quaker parrot. Given that several Quaker parrots may shed their residences for a wide array of explanations and are actually offered for adopting, call your local bird adopting and education groundwork if you want receiving one.

Generally, dog breeders market Quaker parrots coming from $300 to $1,000. On-line rescues, adoption associations, as well as breeders where you can locate Quaker parrots include:

• Take on a Pet
• Birds Now
• Bird Breeders

Search for a bird that is actually vivid, alert, and energetic. See to it the breeder is actually proficient regarding their birds as well as looms concerning their multiplying methods and the origin of their birds.

Quaker parrots (or priest parakeets) are actually known for their lovely, humorous individuals and their determination to find out individual speech. Quakers are quite positive and also social birds through attributes. Quakes are little bit of chatterboxes, particularly when you acquire more than one bird in a space.

One of the very most popular anomalies is actually a blue hybrid Quaker parrot created in the early 2000s. Quakers are very energetic birds as well as need to have to have an appropriate amount of room to play.

Understood for their beauty, intellect, and superb speaking potentials, Alexandrine parakeets have been actually prominent as animals for centuries. Named for Alexander the Great, who is actually pointed out to have possessed a lot of these birds, it was an amazing animal had by the aristocracy and also the elite. This medium-sized parrot is actually the biggest of the Asiatic parakeets. It is a caring bird that usually tends to be a one-person bird, creating deep connections along with its own individual keeper.

Species Overview
USUAL NAMES: Alexandrine parakeet, Alexandrine parrot

SCIENTIFIC NAME: Psittacula eupatria; Five subspecies feature P. e. eupatria, P. e. nipalensis, P. e. avensis, P. e. magnirostris, P. e. siamensis

ADULT SIZE: Up to 25 ins

LONGEVITY: Up to 40 years

Source as well as History

This species came from India and Sri Lanka. The Alexandrine parakeet stays in woodlands, woodlands, agricultural lands, and also mangrove forests of as much as 3,000 feets in altitude.

The parrot is named after Alexander the Great, that transported many birds from Punjab to European as well as Mediterranean areas. These birds were treasured by royalty as well as royalties. Feral populaces presently reside in Spain, England, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Turkey, the Arabian headland, Iran, and also Hong Kong.

Personality

Tame, handfed Alexandrine parakeets can easily make affectionate and also caring pet dogs, although they usually tend to come to be “one-person” birds. They firmly connection to a favorite family member while keeping away from others within the home.

Like other Asiatic parakeets, many Alexandrine parakeets look at a hormonal, threatening bluffing phase during the course of teenage years (grow older 4 months to 1 year), which can be challenging for less skilled bird proprietors to manage. This duration can easily last coming from pair of full weeks to 2 years, relying on the bird.

With suitable socialization as well as making use of building approaches, Alexandrine parakeets normally resolve well right into their brand new property environment and thoroughly delight in communicating with their proprietors. These birds are actually very smart and are actually understood to be excellent talkers, making all of them preferred pets.

Speech as well as Vocalizations

Alexandrine parakeets can be loud as well as fairly noisy, so they are perhaps certainly not the best option for those that reside near neighbors. Their effective articulations rollover a cross country in bush, so it may be challenging to always keep one in a flat or even residence setup.

This bird has an outstanding capacity for imitating individual speech precisely. The Alexandrine parakeet has a range of telephone calls, including ringing sounds, deeper as well as loud “klak” sounds, and also a resounding “gr-aak” telephone call. Its own calls are much deeper than the Indian ringneck parakeets, as well as it is actually alert telephone calls are actually louder, too.

Alexandrine Parakeet Colors as well as Markings

Slender Alexandrines can reach a span of 25 inches, and most of this span is because of its own lengthy, stylish rear plumes. They are a little even more stocky than Indian Ringneck parakeets.

Coloring is actually primarily eco-friendly along with blue-grey on the cheeks and rear of the neck, yellow-green abdomen, reddish patch on the shoulders, a massive reddish beak along with yellow recommendations. The bottom of the tail is actually yellow; the top of the tail is blue and environment-friendly with yellow at the suggestion.

Alexandrine parakeets are actually a dimorphic bird types, meaning you may inform males aside from girls. Adult males have a rose-colored as well as black band around their necks. Girls are the same color without the back bands.

Caring for an Alexandrine Parakeet

Recognized for their charm, intellect, as well as outstanding speaking capabilities, Alexandrine parakeets need a considerable amount of space, hrs of communication, as well as supervised out-of-cage opportunity each day. Care for this bird may be a decades-long commitment.

This bird might be a medium-sized parrot, yet it still requires a huge crate to accommodate its lengthy rear feathers. At the minimum required, provide a cage that is at minimum 3 feet tall as well as 2 feets broad and also long.

These birds love to soak frequently and also play in the water. Supply a large water shower at the very least as soon as a full week. Your bird may additionally like an occasional misting.

Common Health Problems

Alexandrine parakeets are reasonably healthy birds; however, they are actually susceptible to numerous ailments:

• Polyomavirus: A harmful infection; juveniles and hatchlings are very most in danger
• Psittacosis: Also referred to as parrot high temperature, this disease in humans triggered by the chlamydia microorganisms
• Aspergillosis: A fungal breathing contamination brought on by the aspergillus fungus

Diet plan and also Nutrition

Many pet Alexandrine parakeets succeed on a diet plan consisting of fresh vegetables, leafy environment-friendlies, grains, some healthy and balanced seed, plant nuts, and also a high-quality, commercially-made, produced pelleted diet. New vegetables are actually the cornerstone of an excellent diet for parrots.

Provide your bird 1/4 to 1/2 mug of pellets and also 1/4 to 1/2 mug of fruits and veggies daily. Boost or decrease the quantity according to your bird’s hunger. Remove the uneaten meals to prevent wasting.

Physical exercise

Alexandrine parakeets are actually incredibly energetic birds. They need loads of exercise to keep their emotional as well as physical health and wellness. A sizable tour crate is preferable for these birds. They need to have space to become capable to move without wrecking their lengthy, wonderful tail plumes.

These birds require a minimum required of 3 to 4 hours a day to stretch, play, as well as workout away from its own cage. Monitored leisure needs to become in a safe, “bird-proof” location. Alexandrines are actually extremely curious and also may get into issue if left to roam neglected. These smart birds acquire worn out quickly, therefore give loads of chewable, bird-safe toys.

Where to Adopt or Buy an Alexandrine Parakeet

Contact nearby fostering as well as saving companies to view if there is one that might be for you and invest some time along with them and also their birds. Monitor just how the birds communicate with their caregivers and also various other member of the family.

Alexandrine parakeets may set you back from $500 to $1,500. Savings, adopting companies, as well as breeders where you can discover Alexandrine parakeets feature:

• Northeast Avian Rescue
• Bird Breeders
• Buddy Parrots Re-homed

If you’re going the breeder route, make certain that the breeder is respectable through asking the length of time they’ve been actually working and reproducing along with Alexandrine parakeets. Additionally, make certain that the bird you wish to take home looks out, active, and also shows all the indications of a well-balanced bird, like intense eyes, tidy plumes, as well as complete plants.

Named for Alexander the Great, who is stated to have actually possessed numerous of these birds, it was actually an exotic pet dog had through the aristocracy as well as the best. It is a caring bird that has a tendency to be a one-person bird, developing deep-seated connections along with its individual keeper.

The parrot is actually called after Alexander the Great, that moved several birds coming from Punjab to Mediterranean and european areas. Alexandrine parakeets are a dimorphic bird types, implying you may say to guys apart from ladies. Alexandrine parakeets are extremely energetic birds.

Also read our web reference about birds on thebirdnature.com

Sungai merupakan perairan di daratan yang mengalir dari sumber tertentu dan berakhir hingga ke muara. Di Indonesia sendiri memiliki sungai yang cukup banyak, salah satunya berada di daerah Jawa Tengah yaitu Sungai Progo. Sungai yang dijuluki sebagai sungai terpanjang di Jawa Tengah dan melewati beberapa kabupaten ini memiliki peran yang sangat vital bagi masyarakat sekitarnya. Lalu apa saja manfaat sungai ini? Berikut ulasannya.

Sebagai Sumber Pengairan Pertama bagi Masyarakat

Sungai mengalirkan air baik pada saat musim hujan maupun musim kemarau. Namun tidak semua sungai terisi air pada saat tidak ada hujan. Sebagian sungai justru mengering dan menjadi dangkal sebab tak ada air hujan yang menjadi sumber air. Hal ini sering menyebabkan masalah kekeringan dan kurangnya ketersediaan air bagi masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar sungai. Sungai ini juga tidak pernah kering meskipun pada saat musim kemarau.

Hal ini dikarenakan sungai ini mendapatkan suplai dari dua mata air sekaligus yaitu dari gunung sindoro dan gunung sumbing. tentu ini menjadi sebuah keuntungan bagi masyarakat sekitar yang sebagian besar bekerja bercocok tanam. Keberadaaan sungai ini menjadi sumber air bagi tanaman mereka sehingga tetap tumbuh subur meskipun tidak ada air hujan. Tumbuhan yang subur memberikan keuntungan dari hasil panen yang melimpah serta minim resiko terjadinya gagal panen.

Apalagi dengan adanya bendungan Kamijoro yang dibangun di Kecamatan Sentolo, Kulon Progo pada tahun 20198 lalu. Keberadaan bendungan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat untuk membangun ketahanan pangan. Bendungan yang dibangun di aliran sungai ini bisa meningkatkan intensitas pertanian di Kulon Progo sehingga warga sekitar bisa menanam padi minimal dua kali dalams etahun.

Dimanfaatkan Sebagai Olahraga Air

Sungai Progo tidak hanya menjadi sumber pengairan utama bagi masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitarnya. Sungai ini juga dimanfaatkan oleh para penggemar white water rafting untuk menguji kemampuannya. Bahkan sungai ini juga kerap dijadikan sebagai lokasi perlombaan arum jeram. Seperti misalnya pada Kejuaraan Nasional Arung Jeram XX 2017 Yogyakarta. Menjajal olahraga air satu ini tentu menjadi aktivitas yang sangat menarik selama liburan.

Terdapat beberapa paket rafting yang tersedia di mulai dari nak anak hingga orang dewasa. Harga yang ditawarkan juga beragam sesuai dengan fasilitas dan tingkat usia peserta. Biasanya wisata air ini juga menyediakan fasilitas berfoto untuk masing masing perahu dan juga perlengkapan arung jeram yang lengkap. Dengan adanya wisata ini membuktikan jika sungai ini memiliki peran penting bagi perekonomian masyarakat di sekitar sungai tersebut.

Sungai terpanjang di Jawa Tengah ini ternyata memiliki manfaat bagi perekonomian warga sekitar. Bahkan banyak pihak yang juga memanfaatkan pasir di sungai ini untuk digali dan dijual. Sayangnya kegiatan ini perlu mendapat perhatian mengingat dapat memberikan dampak yang buruk bagi keberlanjutan sungai. Perubahan morfologi sungai bisa menyebabkan kerusakan dan menyebabkan bendungan jebol sehingga tidak berfungsi.